国内外黏土水化抑制剂研究现状与发展趋势

黏土水化抑制剂在钻井液中的添加可有效降低钻井事故发生，但存在效果不明显、抗温性能尚待提高等缺点。本文简述了国内外黏土水化抑制剂研究现状并分析了其发展趋势。从研究历程来看，黏土水化抑制剂大体上经过了从无机离子型向有机铵（胺）型过渡并逐步成熟于聚合物型的过程。从最新研究结果来看，聚醚胺型抑制剂为主流研究对象，由此形成的高性能水基钻井液在国内外广泛应用；超支化聚合物型抑制剂因具有体型结构而具有较好抗温、抗盐性能而颇具发展优势；传统共聚物型抑制剂分子量大，在高温高密度钻井液中难以适用，仍有改进空间。指出了今后发展趋势是充分利用生物质资源，开发绿色、环保高效的黏土水化抑制剂；研究低聚物抑制剂，提高抑制剂的抗温性、普适性和一剂多效性；摆脱传统钻井液处理剂之间化学作用力观念束缚，探索超支化抑制剂的开发，积极有效结合纳米技术与钻井流体之互补点，以促进钻井液及相关技术发展。

Research status and development trends of clay hydration inhibitor at home and abroad

The addition of clay hydration inhibitor into drilling fluid can effectively reduce the occurrence of drilling accident, however, the unconspicuous effect and poor temperature resistance are existence obvious. The research status and development trends of clay swelling inhibitor are briefly introduced and analyzed. From the research process, we can conclude that clay hydration inhibitors have evolved from inorganic ions to organic ammonium (amine), and gradually matured in the polymer type process. From the latest researches, we know that polyamine inhibitor was the research topic, and the resulting high performance water-based drilling fluid was widely utilized at home and abroad. Hyperbranched polymer inhibitor shows nice growth prospects due to the outstanding temperature and salt resistance performance of the special structure. Traditional co-polymer inhibitor is difficult to be applied in high temperature and high density drilling fluid due to the large molecular weight, and there are still rooms for its improvement. We pointed out the future development focus was to make full use of biomass resources, and develop green, environment friendly and efficient clay hydration inhibitor. What's more, the temperature resistance, universality and multi effect oligomer inhibitor is worth studied. In order to promote the development of drilling fluid and related technology, we should explore the hyperbranched inhibitor, besides, get rid the concept constraints of traditional drilling fluid additives chemical force, and actively combine the complementary points of nanotechnology and drilling fluids.