煤直接液化性能的影响因素浅析

发展煤直接液化技术是我国缓解石油供需矛盾和保障能源安全的一个较好的战略选择，但影响煤直接液化性能的因素很多，对这些影响因素进行阐述分析是该技术进一步发展的关键。本文首先在反应原料方面，主要综述了煤的煤化程度、官能团、显微组分和无机矿物质，催化剂的种类、特点、作用、添加量和研究热点，溶剂的种类、作用和研究现状，反应气氛的种类和作用，并指出：煤化程度适中、镜质组含量较高、灰分较低的煤更适宜作为直接液化原料；煤粉担载的原位合成高分散铁基催化剂性能较好，并且经过了工业装置的验证；含有较多部分氢化稠环芳香烃的物料适宜作为煤直接液化溶剂；氢气提供活性氢的机理及其他廉价气体替代氢气气氛还需进一步研究。然后在工艺条件方面，主要分析讨论了反应温度、反应压力、煤浆浓度、进料空速和气液比高低的影响，认为需综合考虑较高的油收率和装置处理量及装置的平稳运行，选择适当的工艺条件。最后指出这些工作将为煤直接液化技术的完善提供一定的参考，我国的煤直接液化产业也将取得良好的发展前景。

Influencing factors of the performance of direct coal liquefaction process: a brief analysis

Developing direct coal liquefaction technology is a better strategic choice for China to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of petroleum and guarantee energy security. However, there are many factors which affect the performance of direct coal liquefaction, and the analysis of these factors is the key to further development of the technology. First in terms of raw materials, mainly summarizes the rank of coal, functional groups of coal, macerals and inorganic minerals of coal, the type, characteristic, function, content and research hotspot of catalyst, the type, function and research status of solvent, and the type and function of reaction atmosphere. It points out the following points:The coal with modest rank, higher content of vitrinite and low content of ash is more suitable for direct liquefaction. Coal powder loaded high dispersion ferro-based catalysts by in situ synthesis is preferable, and it is verified by industry. The materials with more partially hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are suitable for direct coal liquefaction solvent. The mechanism of hydrogen to provide active hydrogen and other cheap gases to replace the hydrogen atmosphere need further study. And then in terms of process conditions, the effects of rise or decrease of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, coal slurry concentration, feed space velocity and gas-liquid ratio are analyzed and discussed, pointed out that need to be comprehensive consideration of higher oil yield and unit capacity and the unit running smoothly, to select the appropriate process conditions. Finally, it is pointed out that these works will provide some reference for the improvement of direct coal liquefaction technology, and China's direct coal liquefaction industry will have good prospects.