电力绝缘用六氟化硫替代物的过去、现在和未来

本文综述了电力绝缘用SF6替代物的开发方法、发展现状和未来趋势。其开发方法包括替代物的设计与确认（物性、安全性评价、环境影响的评价等）、合成、产业化等内容。目前，开发出的SF6替代物包括SF6混合气体、饱和卤代烃、氢氟烯烃、全氟酮和全氟腈，其中七氟异丁腈的绝缘性能优异，是SF6最佳的替代物。同时文中综述了现有七氟异丁腈的合成路线，其中以碳酰氟和六氟丙烯为起始原料催化反应合成七氟异丁腈的路线，具有高效、绿色、环保的优点。以过去发展历程和现在发现现状为基础，展望了SF6替代物的未来发展趋势，提出今后的研究重点在于全面开发七氟异丁腈的应用配套设备，下一代SF6替代物及其绿色、高效的产业化路线。

The past, present and future of SF6 substitutes for power insulation

This article reviews the development methods and current situation of SF6 substitutes for power insulation. Its development methods include molecular design and confirmation (physical properties, safety evaluation, environmental impact evaluation, etc.) of substitutes, synthesis, and industrialization. At present, the developed SF6 substitutes include SF6 mixed gas, saturated and halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, perfluoroketones and perfluoronitriles. Among them, heptafluoroisobutyronitrile is currently the best-performing substitute for SF6 due to its excellent insulating properties. Meanwhile, the existing synthetic routes of heptafluoroisobutyronitrile are reviewed as well, of which catalytic reaction to synthesize heptafluoroisobutyronitrile with hexafluoropropylene and carbonyl fluoride as the starting materials has the advantages of high efficiency, greenness and environmental friendliness. Based on the past development process and the present situation of discovery, the future development trend of SF6 substitutes is prospected. It is proposed that future research should focus on the comprehensive development of heptafluoroisobutyronitrile application, and the development of next-generation SF6 substitutes including their green and efficient industrialization routes.