Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed |
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Authors: | Yong Tian Mengya Li Dengguo Lai Zhaohui Chen Shiqiu Gao Guangwen Xu |
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Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
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Abstract: | Rapid pyrolysis of oil shale coupled with in-situ upgrading of pyrolysis volatiles over oil shale char was studied in a laboratory two-stage fluidized bed (TSFB) to clarify the shale oil yield and quality and their variations with operating conditions. Rapid pyrolysis of oil shale in fluidized bed (FB) obtained shale oil yield higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield at temperatures of 500–600 °C. The highest yield was 12.7 wt% at 500 °C and was about 1.3 times of the Fischer Assay oil yield. The heavy fraction (boiling point > 350 °C) in shale oil at all temperatures from rapid pyrolysis was above 50%. Adding an upper FB of secondary cracking over oil shale char caused the loss of shale oil but improved its quality. Heavy fraction yield decreased significantly and almost disappeared at temperatures above 550 °C, while the corresponding light fraction (boiling point < 350 °C) yield dramatically increased. In terms of achieving high light fraction yield, the optimal pyrolysis and also secondary cracking temperatures in TSFB were 600 °C, at which the shale oil yield decreased by 17.74% but its light fraction yield of 7.07 wt% increased by 86.11% in comparison with FB pyrolysis. The light fraction yield was higher than that of Fischer Assay at all cases in TSFB. Thus, a rapid pyrolysis of oil shale combined with volatile upgrading was important for producing high-quality shale oil with high yield as well. |
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Keywords: | Oil shale Pyrolysis Fluidized-bed Upgrading Secondary cracking Reactors |
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