20世纪的泥沙运动力学

在20世纪，泥沙运动力学的研究取得了不少突出的成绩，但与其他学科同时期的进展相比，发展还是比较缓慢的。按取得的进展来看，20世纪可分为两个阶段；在上半叶，有6项突破性进展，逐步积累，到1950年，Einstein集大成，提出了第1 个泥沙运动力学理论体系。在下半叶，进入了百家争鸣的时代，一些研究者提出了自己的泥沙运动理论体系，作者列举了8个有代表性的理论体系。受计算机时代的影响，从20世纪70年 代开始出现了根据大量实测资料，利用计算机进行回归分析而得出的阻力和输沙率公式，而不拘泥于发展新的理论。与此同时，一些与实际偏离较远的理论逐渐被淘汰。在21世纪，要搜集系统完整的资料，特别是近底层的资料，并拓宽研究领域到环境，生态等学科。

Advancement of sediment transport mechanics in the 20th Century

A general review on the development of sediment transport mechanics in the last century is given.It is pointed out that the development can be divided into two 2 stages.In the first half of the century 6 important contributions were achieved and the first unified theory of sediment transport was suggested by Eintein in 1950.In the second half of the century,various the ories were developed.At the meantime,some empirical formulas of resistance and sediment transport were put forward based upon experimental and field data.Some theories were eliminated through practice due to obvious deficiency.In the new century the most important thing is to collect systematic data from rivers and laboratories,especially those of bed layer.Besides,expanding the scope of research to the field of environment and ecology is very urgent.