采矿岩石多尺度破坏力学

采动复杂应力环境下围岩的多尺度破坏行为是诱发煤矿灾害的一个根本因素。本文系统总结了团队十多年来在岩石宏细观破坏力学、巷道围岩控制及岩层移动等采矿岩石多尺度破坏力学的研究进展。在岩石力学室内实验尺度方面，利用带加载装置的SEM高温试验系统研究了热力耦合作用下岩石细观裂纹的萌生、扩展和断裂全过程，揭示了细观断裂机制；研究了不同加卸载条件下煤岩体及煤岩组合体宏观破坏力学特性，建立了煤岩体宏观破坏非线性模型。在巷道围岩尺度方面，揭示了巷道围岩应力梯度破坏机理，建立了深部巷道等强支护理论，明确了巷道支护方向，据此提出了巷道全空间协同控制技术并进行现场应用。在采场岩层破断移动尺度方面，实验研究了不同厚度顶板破断演变的4种模式；基于关键层理论，提出了采动覆岩整体移动“类双曲线”模型和内外“类双曲线”模型，分析了该模型随着关键层位置和煤层倾角的演化规律。上述成果为我国煤矿开采灾害防治提供理论和技术支持。

Multi-scale failure mechanics of rock in mining engineering

In mining engineering, the multi-scale failure behavior of surrounding rock under the complex stress environment is a fundamental influencing factor of disasters. This paper systematically summarizes our recent ten years' research progress of rock multi-scale failure mechanics, including macro/meso rock failure mechanics, roadway surrounding rock control and rock strata movement. In terms of laboratory research scale of rock mechanics, the propagation process of rock meso-crack under the thermal-mechanical coupling effect was studied by using the SEM test system, which reveals the meso-fracture mechanism of rock. The macro failure and mechanical properties of rock, coal and coal-rock combined body were experimentally investigated under different loading and unloading conditions. A non-linear model of coal and rock mass macro failure was established. In terms of roadway failure scale, the stress gradient failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of roadway was revealed, the theory of uniform strength support in deep roadway was established, which guides the direction of roadway support. Then the full-space collaborative control technology of roadway was proposed and applied on site. In terms of rock fracture mechanics and movement scale, the evolution of roof fracture modes of different thicknesses was studied by experiments, and four roof fracture modes and fracture mode partitions were obtained. Based on the theory of key strata, the analogous hyperbola model and the inner and outer analogous hyperbola model of overburden movement caused by mining were proposed. The evolution of the analogous hyperbola model with the variation of the key layer position and the dip angle of coal seam was analyzed. The above results will provide theoretical and technical support for the prevention and control of coal mining disasters in our country.