长沙市气象因素对大气污染的影响分析

基于湖南省长沙市2016~2019年逐日大气污染监测数据,对长沙市过去4年的空气质量进行了时间序列的变化趋势分析。利用长沙市2016~2019年逐日同期气象数据,通过相关性分析和逐步回归分析方法揭示了长沙市气象因素变化对大气污染的影响。研究表明: ① 长沙市空气质量逐年向好,SO₂、NO₂、CO、PM10的浓度基本保持在二级标准以内,状况优良,PM_2.5对大气的污染逐年减轻,但O₃对大气的污染逐年加重。② 对O₃浓度正面影响的气象因素是平均气温和日照时数,负面影响的气象因素是平均气压、平均风速和平均相对湿度; 对PM_2.5浓度正面影响的气象因素是平均气压,显著负面影响的是平均气温、日照时数和平均相对湿度。③ 长沙市O₃浓度变化的46%能够由气象因素解释,PM_2.5浓度变化的23%可由气象因素解释。

Analysis of Effect of Meteorological Factors on Air Pollution in Changsha

Based on the air pollution monitoring data of Changsha City in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2019, the air quality in Changsha City in the past four years was analyzed for its variation trend according to the time order. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed to uncover the effect of meteorological factors on air pollution in Changsha city. The results show that: ① the air in Changsha City had been improving in quality year by year, with the concentration of SO₂, NO₂, CO and PM10 almost kept within the class 2 standard, and the impact brought by PM_2.5 increasingly reduced year by year, while pollution brought by O₃ gradually increased; ② The average temperature and sunshine duration had the positive effect on O₃ concentration, while the average atmospheric pressure, average wind speed and average relative humidity had brought negative impact; As for the PM_2.5 concentration, the positive effect had been brought by the average atmospheric pressure, while the negative impact brought by the average temperature, sunshine duration and average relative humidity. ③ 46% of the variations in O₃ concentration and 23% of the variations in PM_2.5 concentration in the air of Changsha City could be attributed to the meteorological factors.