Modification of Boundary Lubrication by Oil-Soluble Friction Modifier Additives |
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Authors: | Yingxi Zhu Hiroko Ohtani Michael L. Greenfield Marina Ruths Steve Granick |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;(2) Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Research and Advanced Engineering, Dearborn, Michigan 48121, USA;(3) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881;(4) Department of Physical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3–5, FIN-20500 Åbo, Finland |
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Abstract: | The molecular-level function of model and commercial friction modifier additives in lubricants of the type used at the wet clutch interface in automatic transmissions has been studied using a surface forces apparatus (SFA) modified for oscillatory shear. The nanorheological properties of tetradecane with and without a model friction modifier additive (1-hexadecylamine) were examined in the boundary lubrication regime and compared to a fully-formulated automatic transmission fluid (ATF). 1-Hexadecylamine adsorbed as a single layer on the sliding surfaces, reduced the static frictional force and the limiting shear stress, and eliminated the stick–slip transition that exists in pure tetradecane. The ATF, which contains commercial-grade friction modifiers, showed nanorheological properties similar to those observed for tetradecane containing 0.1–0.2 wt% 1-hexadecylamine. |
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Keywords: | friction modifiers automatic transmission fluids thin-film lubricating nanorheology molecular tribology surface forces apparatus |
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