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Flexural properties and micromorphologies of wood flour/carbon nanofiber/maleated polypropylene/polypropylene composites
Authors:Yongcheng Zhang  Jilei Zhang  Junli Shi  Hossein Toghiani  Yibin Xue  Charles U Pittman
Affiliation:1. Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States;2. Department of Forest Products, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States;3. Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States;4. Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, MS 39759, United States;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq;3. Fujian Key Lab of Advanced Special Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China;1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Space Research Institute, MUT, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;1. Kastamonu University, Forestry Faculty, Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology, 37000, Kastamonu, Turkey;2. Kastamonu University, Arac Rafet Vergili Vocational School and Higher Education, Forestry and Forest Products Program, 37800, Kastamonu, Turkey;3. Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa, Forestry Faculty, Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology, Bahcekoy, Sariyer, 34473, Istanbul, Turkey;1. C2MA, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France;2. LIMATB, Université de Bretagne Sud, Rue de Saint Maudé, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France;1. Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
Abstract:The effects of carbon nanofibers (CNF) on the performance of three- or more phase composites are complicated. CNFs formulated into wood flour (WF)/maleated polypropylene (MAPP)/polypropylene (PP) composites by high shear blending alone improved flexural properties. Addition of an extrusion step after high shear blending enhanced CNF dispersion and improved the composites’ flexural moduli, but in these systems CNF did not contribute to flexural property enhancement. The addition of 1.0 wt% CNF to WF/MAPP/PP by high shear blending followed by extrusion did not affect either the WF dispersion or WF/PP adhesion. The adhesion between WF and PP/MAPP matrix was good (SEM), but CNF adhesion to the PP/MAPP matrix was poor.
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