Variation of Schmidt hammer values with imbrication direction in clastic sedimentary rocks |
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| Authors: | Ahmet Özbek |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan-Str. 70, A-1190 Vienna, Austria;2. GWU Geologie-Wasser-Umwelt, Bayerhamerstr. 57, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria;3. Schillingsdorfer Str. 27, A-8010 Kainbach, Austria;4. Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Senckenbergstraße 1, D-35390 Giessen, Germany;5. Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt (LfU), Haunstetter Str. 112, D-86161 Augsburg, Germany;1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland;2. Institute of Geophysics, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Sonneggstr. 5, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland;3. Institute of Geological Sciences, Oeschger Centre of Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 1+3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland;4. Institute of Geophysics, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany;1. University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, GR-265 00 Patras, Greece;2. University of Brunei Darussalam, Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam;3. University of Athens, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, GR-157 84 Athens, Greece;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada;2. Regierungspräsidium Freiburg, Landesamt für Geologie, Rohstoffe und Bergbau, Albertstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In this study, Schmidt hammer rebound (HR) values of clast-supported conglomerates, matrix-supported conglomerates and normally graded gravelly sandstones were measured to investigate the effect of such anisotropy on strength. The highest Schmidt HR values were obtained from the gravelly sandstones, with an average value of 39, decreasing with gravel content. In clast-supported conglomerates, the average HR values were 34 and 38, parallel and perpendicular to the palaeocurrent direction, respectively. Similar measurements were also made over the matrix-supported conglomerates. Average HR values of matrix-supported conglomerates were determined as 37 and 41 parallel and perpendicular to the palaeocurrent direction, respectively. In the clast-supported conglomerates, average HR value on perpendicular palaeocurrent side was 12% higher than those parallel to palaeocurrent. This ratio was 9% for matrix-supported conglomerates. Preferred orientation or clast imbrication creates more gravelly and less matrix covered area parallel to the palaeocurrent than the other directions. This visible difference in the gravel–matrix ratio is considered to be the basis of the strength anisotropy in clastic sedimentary rocks. This study demonstrates the potential of the Schmidt hammer for quantifying the degree of anisotropy in such rocks. |
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