Post-filling flow in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processes: Theoretical analysis |
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| Authors: | Pavel Simacek Dirk Heider John W Gillespie Suresh Advani |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;4. Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;1. BMW Group, Ohmstraße 2, Landshut, Germany;2. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1020, New Zealand;3. Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany;4. Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., Gebäude 58, Kaiserslautern, Germany;1. Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, Germany;2. Materials Division, National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, USA;4. Department of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering, Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany;5. Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom;6. Processing of Composites Group, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria;7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium;8. Center for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia;9. Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;10. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, New Zealand;11. Composite Materials and Structures Group, INEGI, Portugal;12. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KOÇ University, Turkey;13. ITAINNOVA Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón, Spain;14. Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering, IMT Lille Douai, France;15. Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;p. Institute of Aircraft Design, University of Stuttgart, Germany;q. Institute of Research in Materials Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina;r. Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Brigham Young University, USA;s. Chair of Carbon Composites, Technische Universität München, Germany;t. Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SMS, Departement MPE, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;u. Composites Manufacturing & Simulation Center, Purdue University, USA;v. C2MA, IMT Mines Ales, Univ. Montpellier, Ales, France;w. Institut de Soudure Group, France;1. National Physical Laboratory, UK;2. Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, Germany;3. Composites Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, USA;5. Structures & Composite Materials Laboratory, McGill University, Canada;6. Centre for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia;7. Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering, Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany;8. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates;9. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, New Zealand;10. Institute of Polymer Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland;11. Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland;12. Composite Materials Manufacturing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey;13. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Canada;14. Materials and Components Division, ITAINNOVA, Spain;15. Research Institute in Civil Engineering and Mechanics (GeM), University of Nantes, France;p. Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;q. Institute of Aircraft Design, University Stuttgart, Germany;r. Processing of Composites Group, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria;s. Design for Manufacture Institute, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain;t. Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Brigham Young University, USA;u. Fraunhofer IGCV, Germany;v. TENSYL, France;w. Roberval (Mechanics, Energy and Electricity) Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France;x. Chair of Carbon Composites (LCC), Technische Universität München, Germany;y. Institut de Soudure Groupe, France;z. Composite Manufacturing and Simulation Center (CMSC), Purdue University, USA;11. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, China;1. Laboratory of Transport, Composite Structures and Materials, Southern Center of Russian Academy of Science, Tchekhov str., 41, Rostov on Don, Russia;2. Institute of Polymer Engineering, The University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Klosterzelgstrasse 2CH - 5210, Windisch, Switzerland;3. Department of Microelectronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC;4. Chen-Wei International Co., Ltd., 140 Wujia 2nd Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Aircraft Engineering, Don State Technical University, Gagarin sq., 1, Rostov on Don, Russia;6. Mathematical Modeling Department, Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya str., 105/42, Rostov on Don, Russia |
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| Abstract: | For rigid mold filling processes such as resin transfer molding, the resin flow stops when the preform is fully saturated with the resin. However, in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM), due to preform deformation the resin flow continues after the filling stage is complete as it does take a finite time for the pressure field to become uniform during this post-filling period. In this paper, the post-filling flow in the VARTM process with and without the membrane is examined. The governing equations for post-filling flow, in which the preform is allowed to deform, are developed with simplifying assumptions. A one-dimensional flow and deformation coupled process model is developed to simulate the time dependent pressure distribution during the post-filling stage. The model is implemented using finite differences, both in time and space, and utilizes the explicit time integration which is found to be conditionally stable. The change in pressure inside the mold during the post-filling stage is predicted for three different injection scenarios. The influence of the pressure distribution at the end of filling on the dwell time for the pressure to equilibrate and on the final thickness of the part is discussed. The effects of change in preform permeability and compliance on the dwell time and thickness are demonstrated and the extension of the model to more complex geometries and systems is outlined. |
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