生物敷料的现状及展望

生物敷料在治疗烧创伤引起的皮肤组织缺损中已得到广泛应用.本文将生物敷料分为胶原类敷料和非胶原类敷料,并分别综述了其研究现状.胶原类敷料种类繁多,其中猪皮敷料来源广、价格低、使用方便;纯胶原敷料较前者抗原性低,但其降解速率过快,且机械性能差;复合型胶原膜敷料在机械性能方面优于纯胶原敷料.壳聚糖、藻酸盐等制备的非胶原类敷料虽具有一定的止血作用和生物活性,但其细胞相容性和表面活性不如胶原类材料.目前生物敷料还没有达到理想的要求,今后应重点利用纳米技术和组织工程技术,开发纳米生物敷料和组织工程化敷料.

Present Situation and Prospect of Biological Dressings

Biological dressings have been widely used in burn and wound treatment.In this paper,biological dressings are divided into the collagen dressings and the non-collagen dressings,and their current research situation are summarized respectively.The collagen dressings have many species.Among them,pigskin dressings,which have wide source and low price,are easy to be used.Antigen of pure collagen dressings are lower than pigskin dressings. But the degradation rate of pure collagen dressing' is too fast,and its mechanical property is not good.The mechanical property of compound collagen film dressings are better than pure collagen dressings.Non-collagen biological dressings,which are made of chitosan and alginate,have some hemostatic effect and biological activity,but their cell compatibility and surface activity are not as good as collagen dressings.At present,biological dressings cannot meet the demands of ideal wound dressing.Henceforth,we should use nano technique and tissue engineering technique to develop nanophase wound dressings and tissue engineering wound dressings.