水电梯级开发水文情势累积影响研究

以乌江中上游流域洪家渡水电站至乌江渡水电站的水利工程干扰典型段为研究区域,利用MIKE11模型模拟计算乌江渡水电站建设前、建设后单库运行以及与上下游水电站联合调度3个时间段坝址处径流量、水位月均变化过程,对乌江干流水电梯级开发对水文情势累积影响进行分析。研究表明:水电梯级开发方案实施后,水电站建设和联合调度运行使该河段径流量得以均化、库区水位抬高,这种均化作用减少了汛期流量,补偿了枯期流量,水位抬高增大了库区库容,梯级电站调度较天然情况下对汛期的下泄流量有削弱作用,对下游鱼类产卵繁殖的生态需水带来一定的生态影响。

Study on cumulative effects of hydrological regime by cascade hydropower stations built on rivers

The study region of this paper was the typical segments of hydraulic engineering disturbance from Hongjiadu Dam hydropower station to Wujiangdu hydropower station in the middle and downstream of Wujiangdu Dam. The MIKE11 model was used to simulate and calculate monthly average runoff and water levels of damsite over the three periods, i.e., before construction of Wujiangdu hydropower station, during the single-reservoir operation after construction of Wujiangdu hydropower station, and joint control with the upstream and downstream hydropower stations after its construction, and the cumulative effects of cascade hydropower development of Wujiang main stream on hydrological regimes. The results showed that, the hydropower station construction and joint operation made the discharge homogeneously and water level increase after the implementation of cascade hydropower development plan. The homogenizing effect reduced the flood flow and compensated the dry period flow. The increase of the water level increased the capacity of the reservoir area. The control of cascade hydropower had some ecological impacts on ecological water requirement of egg reproduction of downstream fishes.