海上油气勘探开发中的溢油遥感监测技术——以渤海湾海域为例

海上溢油事故直接影响海洋环境和国际关系。卫星遥感监测技术具有大范围、多时相、快速、准确等特点，已经成为发达国家重要的海上溢油监测手段之一。以2006年3月渤海湾海域溢油事故为例，利用欧洲空间局的环境卫星（Envisat）合成孔径雷达系统（ASAR）图像数据，圈定了污染油膜；根据其影像特征和分布运移状态将污染油膜分为4期；根据油膜的后向散射特性差异，判断油膜的源头和尾部，1至4期油膜具有共同的指向，据此确定了污染源的位置，准确地计算了2006年3月23日海面油膜的污染面积（约为400km^2）。此项工作表明，尽快建立海域环境监测和溢油应急遥感地理信息系统，是中国石油海上勘探的一项重要的技术保障手段。图4表2参12

Remote sensing techniques for oil spill monitoring in offshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities: Case study in Bohai Bay

Marine oil spill pollution directly damages the marine environment and arouses international dispute. The space borne remote sensing monitoring techniques have advantages of wide area surveillance, multi-temporal resolution, prompt acquisition, and high precision. It has become one of the key marine oil pollution monitoring techniques. This paper takes the oil pollution accident occurred in March 2006 in Bohai Bay as an example. The Envisat ASAR data is used to determine the pollution origin and delineate the polluted marine area. The polluted area is precisely calculated based on the image interpretation and the analysis of the Envisat ASAR images collected on March 23^rd, 2006. The total polluted marine area is more than 400 km^2. This study shows that SAR remote sensing and GIS are important techniques to secure the environment issue during the marine oil exploration and exploitation. It is crucial to set up an emergency response system for the marine oil pollution and environment monitoring.