欧洲电网的发展及其与全球能源互联网的兼容性

全球能源互联网(Global Energy Interconnection,GEI)旨在通过建立洲际输电走廊来实现可再生能源发电在全球范围内的自由调度。研究表明,GEI愿景可有效促进全球去碳化。然而,各地区电网的现有发展计划分别以独立的愿景为基础框架,其与GEI的兼容性尚不清晰。文章旨在讨论由欧洲输电网运行商联盟(European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, ENTSO-E)提出的欧洲电网发展十年计划(Ten Years Network Development Plan, TYNDP)与GEI愿景的兼容性,提出一种结合电力系统技术经济分析模型和社会经济决策支持工具的多准则优化方法。通过该方法,在充分考虑环境、社会和政治因素的影响下,对GEI跨洲互联通道在欧洲电网本地的落脚点进行优化配置,并计算了2030年和2050年GEI情景下欧洲电网规划模型内部的最优潮流。结果显示,在GEI情景所预测的高负荷水平下,斯堪的纳维亚地区和欧洲大陆之间将出现分布广泛的阻塞,从而限制来自北极地区风电向欧洲大陆的调度。研究认为,GEI的发展与实施需要各地区电网间的密切配合。

Development of European Power Grid and Its Compatibility with Global Energy Interconnection

The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) vision is to enhance the deployment of renewable energy generation on a global scale by building intercontinental power transmission corridors, thereby promoting global decarbonization. Under the premise of a unified electrical market, this paper discusses the compatibility of current development plans of European power grid, proposed by European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E), with the long-term GEI scenarios in 2030 and 2050. To fully consider the environmental, social, and political elements in the network expansion, a novel methodological approach is proposed, which combines the techno-economic models with socio-economic decision-making support tools, as the multi-criteria analysis. By this method, the paper computes the optimal power flows in the European network model in the GEI scenarios of 2030 and 2050. The study shows that, at the high load level projected in the GEI scenario, a widely distributed congestion between the Scandinavia area and the European continent would appear, limiting the dispatch of transmission corridors from the Arctic area. The results demonstrate that the planning of GEI will require close coordination and management between transmission system operators (TSO) and institutions in various regions.