安徽风土建筑谱系区划初探

安徽风土建筑类型多样，其丰富性不仅是徽州建筑可代表的，基于语言学及多种类型的区划研究成果，以文化地理学的视角对安徽及周边区域进行风土建筑的初步整合与区系划分，并基于相关本体特征进行区划修正，通过对研究样本的统计归纳呈现出了较为清晰准确的区划分类与范围，厘清了各区划内风土建筑基质与地理、文化传播等方面的关系，展现了安徽各区域风土建筑在更大文化区域范围内位置的同时，也为安徽风土建筑的传承保护提供参考。

Preliminary study on the pedigree division of Anhui vernacular architecture

Anhui crosses the Yangtze and Huaihe River and is a place where the cultures of the North and South blend. The diverse regional cultures and geographic climatic characteristics have created different types of vernacular architectures. For a long time, the geographic and cultural locations of regions other than Huizhou in southern Anhui were on the boundaries between various divisions. The consensus on the unified terroir zoning has led to the policies of “one-thousand villages in the same appearance” and “destructive construction and constructive destruction”, which ignore the characteristics of geographical diversity. Therefore, the pedigree divisions and related matrixes of the terroir in Anhui and surrounding areas were summarized to clarify the pedigree relationships within the region. Additionally, an explicit type of framework was formed. Such frameworks provide a more intuitive base map for the protection and inheritance of settlements and buildings.　　Based on the zoning results according to linguistics, this paper combines Anhui and its surrounding areas using dialect zoning as a link. A total of 464 vernacular architectural remains from 32 prefecture-level cities in six provinces around Anhui were integrated into the scope of the study to ensure the accuracy of zoning and matrix summaries. To determine the pedigree division area and its scope, the study area was zoned mainly according to language, accompanied with some reference elements, including the history, nature, economy, and ethnic groups for weighted superposition. Initially, the study area was divided into Zhongyuan, Jianghuai, Huizhou, and Wan-Gan. The approximate scopes of these four regions were determined, and partial amendments to the scope of each district were made based on the characteristics of their vernacular architecture. Finally, through the natural geographical environment, economic and cultural communication, immigration, and other elements, the reasons for the formation of each division were analyzed from the perspective of their cultural geography. This not only shows the influence of the aforementioned elements on the formation and evolution of local architectural culture, construction techniques, and architectural styles in Anhui and surrounding areas, but also assists in verifying the zoning accuracy of each division. For the summary of the matrix characteristics of each division, through the statistical induction of the research samples, the characteristics of the vernacular architectural matrix (building structure, house shape, settlement form, and architectural decoration) within the scope of each division are clearly presented. On the whole, Anhui’s vernacular architecture from the north to the south presents a combination of lifting beam-piercing beams and lifting beam-piercing buckets in the structural system. For the shape of a house, the distribution characteristics are mixed courtyard-courtyard + open well-courtyard. Owing to the influence of immigrants, residential forms in the Wan-Gan area are similar to those in Hakka areas, with its furthest distribution reaching the Jinzhai area, Zhongyuan District. As for architectural decoration, it becomes simpler from south to north. These characteristics are not only cultural factors, but are also related to the perennial wars and disasters in the Zhongyuan and Jianghuai area, as well as the relatively weak economic foundation. The settlement pattern in Anhui Province evolves gradually from regular clumps to free clumps, scattered shapes, strips, and other changeable forms, which is attributed to the plain-hill-mountain distribution from north to south.