天然气脱碳技术研究进展

天然气是一种高燃烧热值的清洁能源，但开采出来的天然气中含有一定量的酸性气体CO₂，会造成热值降低、管道腐蚀等问题，因此在管道运输和使用前需对其进行脱碳处理。分别对低温精馏、溶剂吸收、吸附和膜分离四种脱碳技术进行了介绍，详析了每一种技术的工艺特点和典型工业应用情况，并从原料气进料条件、脱碳效率、能耗及成本等方面进行了分析比较，为不同实际工况脱碳工艺的选择提供指导，具有重要的工程意义。膜分离技术在装置占地面积、能耗及成本等方面具有一定优势，可灵活调变的级数工艺也使其能够实现高CO₂脱除率和低烃损失，具有良好的发展和应用前景，特别是适用于空间受限的场合，如在海上平台进行天然气脱碳处理。

Research progress in CO2 removal technology of natural gas

Natural gas is a kind of clean energy with high calorific value, but raw natural gas contains a certain amount of acid gas CO₂, which will cause problems like heating value reduction and pipeline corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to remove CO₂ from natural gas before subsequent transportation and utilization. This article introduces four decarburization technologies: cryogenic distillation, solvent absorption, adsorption and membrane separation. The process characteristics and typical industrial applications of each technology are analyzed in details and compared from the aspects of feed conditions of raw gas, removal efficiency, energy consumption and cost efficiency, which is of great engineering significance and provides guidance for the selection of separation processes in different actual conditions. Membrane separation technology has certain advantages of small equipment foot print, low energy consumption and high-cost efficiency. Moreover, the flexibility and adjustability of stages in membrane process enables it with high CO₂ removal rate and low hydrocarbon loss. Therefore, membrane separation technology exhibits good development and application prospects, which is especially suitable for space-limited applications, such as CO₂ removal from natural gas on offshore platform.