基于残差决策的自动飞行控制系统远程实时故障诊断

针对自动飞行控制系统结构复杂、关联部件众多,发生故障时诊断时间长,从而影响飞机运行效率的问题,提出一种基于飞机通信寻址报告系统(ACARS)的远程实时故障诊断方案。首先,分析自动飞行控制系统的故障特点,设计搭建检测滤波器;然后,利用ACARS数据链实时发送的自动飞行控制系统的关键信息进行相关部件的残差计算,并根据残差决策算法进行故障诊断及定位;最后,针对不同故障部件残差间的差异大、决策门限无法统一的缺点,提出基于二次差值的残差决策改进算法,减缓了检测对象的整体变化趋势,降低了随机噪声和干扰的影响,避免了将瞬态故障诊断为系统故障的情况。实验仿真结果表明,基于二次差值的改进残差决策算法避免了多决策门限的复杂性,在采样时间为0.1 s的情况下,故障检测所需时间大约为2 s,故障检测时间大幅降低,有效故障检测率大于90%。

Remote real-time fault diagnosis for automatic flight control system based on residual decision

The automatic flight control system has complex structure with many relevant components, resulting in long time fault diagnosis, which affects the efficiency of aircraft operation. Aiming at the problems, a remote real-time fault diagnosis scheme based on Aircraft Communication Addressing & Reporting System (ACARS) was proposed. Firstly, the fault characteristics of the automatic flight control system were analyzed, and the detection filter was designed and built. Then, the key information of the automatic flight control system transmitted in real time by ACARS data-link was used to realize the residual calculation of the relevant components, and the fault diagnosis and location were carried out according to the residual decision algorithm. Finally, because of the large difference between residual errors of different fault components and inconsistent decision-making threshold, an improved residual decision-making algorithm based on quadratic difference was proposed. This algorithm reduced the overall change trend of the detection object, reduced the influence of random noise and interference, and avoided a transient fault being considered as a system fault. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm avoids the complexity of multiple decision-making thresholds. Its fault detection time is about 2 seconds with 0.1 second sampling time, which shortens the fault detection time greatly, and the effective fault detection rate is more than 90%.