炼油废催化剂生物淋滤脱金属研究进展

绿色低能耗的炼油废催化剂生物淋滤技术已受到广泛关注。本文从炼油废催化剂金属含量及赋存特征、生物淋滤微生物种类、金属浸取效率、生物淋滤过程影响因素和淋滤动力学等角度综述了相关研究成果，并对研究现状和发展前景进行了简要分析。硫酸杆菌、黑曲霉菌、简青霉菌是最常见的废催化剂生物淋滤菌种；生物淋滤作用下加氢废催化剂金属浸取效率较高，流化催化裂化（FCC）废催化剂的金属较难浸取；温度、固液比、废催化剂粒径是影响炼油废催化剂生物淋滤过程的主要因素；化学反应动力学和膜扩散动力学是研究中广泛应用的动力学模型。目前关于生物淋滤处理炼油废催化剂金属的研究仍处于实验室研究阶段，尚未开展小试、中试或工业化应用的相关研究。

Review on the bioleaching of spent refinery catalysts for metals removal

The green and low energy consumption bioleaching technology of spent refinery catalysts has been widely concerned. This article reviews the related research from the perspectives of metal contents and characteristics of spent refinery catalysts, bioleaching microorganisms, leaching efficiency of metals, influencing factors and bioleaching kinetics. The research status and development prospects are brief analyzed. Acidithiobacillus, Aspergillus niger, and Penecillum simplicissimum are the most common strains used in bioleching of spent refinery catalysts. Under the action of bioleaching, the leaching efficiency of metals from spent hydrogenation catalysts are very high, and metals from spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts are more difficult to leaching. Temperature, pulp density and particle size of spent catalysts are the main factors affecting the bioleaching process of spent catalysts. Chemical reaction kinetics and membrane diffusion kinetics are widely used kinetic models in the research of bioleaching of spent refinery catalysts. At present, the research on the treatment of spent refinery catalysts by bioleaching still in the laboratory research stage, and relevant research on small-scale, pilot-scale or industrial applications has not been carried out.