粤港澳大湾区背景下建筑师负责制解读与思考

揭示粤港澳大湾区实施建筑师负责制存在的困难及政策文件解读，为业界人士参与大湾区建筑师负责制提供参考。对《粤港澳大湾区建筑师负责制指引（征求意见稿）》进行解读，结合问卷做现状研究，总结归纳。发现业界对建筑师负责制发展疑虑集中在收费、法律法规、责任保险、建筑师综合能力等方面，而《指引》对上述问题均做了详细规定。《指引》为大湾区实施建筑师负责制提供了有效政策基础，构建健康有序市场体系及建筑师培养体系，加强建筑创作和设计原创的知识产权保护是推动建筑师负责制实施的有效之举。

Interpretation of the Architect Responsibility System in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

On February 21, 2017, the “Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Construction Industry” were proposed to ensure the leading role of architects in civil construction projects. In 2019, the Guangdong Engineering Survey and Design Industry Association organized and compiled the “Guidelines for the Architect Responsibility System in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Draft for Comment)” to promote the implementation of the Architect Responsibility System in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Shenzhen, Zhuhai Hengqin, and other free-trade zones have also begun to experiment with the architect responsibility system. In this study, issues regarding the implementation of architect responsibility systems in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, along with the interpretation of policy documents, were analyzed. This study could provide a reference for industry professionals to participate in the architect responsibility system in the Greater Bay Area. 　　The key industrial problems in the “Guidelines” were also interpreted. Furthermore, the development status of architect responsibility systems in Hong Kong and Macao, alongside the development status of the architect responsibility system in China, was investigated through questionnaires. Respondents included several professional architects in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Canada; architects in the Chinese mainland; government officials; members of industrial associations; and real estate developers. The questionnaire content mainly focused on the implementation of existing laws and regulations, the demarcation of the responsibilities and rights of architects, charging systems, and liability insurance in markets in Hong Kong, Macao, and the Chinese mainland.　It was found that the industry’s doubts regarding the development of the architect responsibility system were concentrated in the fields of fees, laws and regulations, liability insurance, and the comprehensive capabilities of architects. The “Guidelines” set out detailed regulations regarding the abovementioned issues, focusing on the responsibilities of architects, service content and contract responsibilities, power responsibilities, service charges, liability insurance, and other key concerns for the industry. An architect responsibility system applicable for implementation within the Greater Bay Area has also been established. 　　The “Guidelines” provide an effective policy basis for the implementation of the architect responsibility system in the Greater Bay Area. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the current architect system in Hong Kong, Macao, and other regions, the “Guidelines” inform the next development plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The development of the architect responsibility system cannot be accomplished quickly. The “Guidelines” regulate the establishment of an appropriate system based on industrial characteristics to create a healthy and orderly market system, building a supporting composite architect training system for the improvement of the overall ability of architects, and strengthening the intellectual property rights of architectural creation and original design protection. All of these are effective means to promote the implementation of the architect responsibility system.