生物转化温室气体生产单细胞蛋白的研究进展

全球人口持续增长使得肉、蛋和乳制品等生活品的需求大幅增加，同时也对传统动物饲料的供应带来了空前的挑战。微生物能够利用二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）等多种原料合成高蛋白含量的单细胞蛋白（single cell protein，SCP）以用于饲料或食品加工。生物转化CO₂和CH₄制备SCP不但可以扩展蛋白生产渠道和缓解各方面对蛋白的需求，而且也有望降低其生产成本，实现节能减排。从SCP合成及生产现状出发，探讨了好氧性甲烷菌和微藻利用温室气体的代谢路径、生物转化工艺、生物反应器设计的研究进展和未来应用前景，同时结合研究数据对生物转化温室气体制备SCP的经济可行性进行了初步评价和比较。

Recent progress in microbial bioconversion of greenhouse gases into single cell protein

The continuous growth of the global population has greatly increased the demand for meat, eggs and dairy products and other living products, as well as unprecedented challenges to the supply of traditional animal feed. Microorganisms are capable of utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and other raw materials to synthesize single cell protein (SCP) with high protein content for feed or food processing. Bioconversion of CO₂ and CH₄ to produce SCP can not only expand the ways of protein production and alleviate the market demand, but also reduce the SCP cost and promote energy saving and emission reduction. In this review, the metabolic pathways of aerobic methanotroph and microalgae, bioconversion process, and bioreactor design are discussed based on the current research progress and literature of SCP synthesis and production. Finally, the economic feasibility of SCP production from greenhouse gases is preliminarily estimated and compared in order to evaluate the potential of commercial application.