The ozonation of organic halide precursors: effect of bicarbonate |
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| Authors: | David A. Reckhow Bernard Legube Philip C. Singer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149, Münster, Germany;2. European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany;3. DFG EXC 1003 Cluster of Excellence ‘Cells in Motion’, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;4. Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany;5. Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6140 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA;1. School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;2. Physics Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA;3. Physics Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA;4. Physics Department, Imperial College London, SW7 2BZ United Kingdom;5. Soleil Synchrotron, St. Aubin, France |
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| Abstract: | A laboratory study of the effect of bicarbonate on the ozonation of organic halide precursors in fulvic acid solutions and in a raw drinking water was conducted. The experimental variables were bicarbonate concentration, ozone dose and pH of chlorination. Results are expressed in terms of trihalomethane (THM), total organic halide (TOX), trichloracetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetone and dichloroacetonitrile precursor concentrations. Kinetic studies showed that bicarbonate slowed the decomposition of ozone in the presence of fulvic acid, and thereby, led to a greater degree of destruction of u.v.-absorbing substances. Similarly, precursor destruction increased with increasing bicarbonate concentrations in the range of 10−4spd 10−2 M. Precursor destruction was greatest when chlorination was performed at low pH. At high pH's of chlorination, some precursor enhancement was noted, especially in the absence of bicarbonate. Results are interpreted both from a mechanistic standpoint and with respect to their applicability to water treatment practice. |
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| Keywords: | bicarbonate dichloroacetic acid dichloroacetonitrile fulvic acids ozonation precursors total organic halogen trichloroacetic acid trichloroacetone trihalomethanes |
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