生态环境用水的实践

生态环境用水是关于水资源管理的一个综合性思维方法，可以为人类社会可持续发展发挥重要作用。近几十年来，这一科学概念得到越来越多国家的关注。但是，在生态环境用水的实践方面，发达国家和发展中国家存在巨大的差距。从政策与立法、管理策略和组织机构能力3方面对生态环境用水在世界其他国家和中国的实践进行了分析比较。通过研究得出国家政策与法律、国际协定、公众参与、市场机制、公众意识、技术支持和流域管理是影响生态环境用水实践的关键因素，并以此为依据明确了中国生态环境用水实践的现状，最后为如何推动中国生态环境用水的实践提出了建议。

Practice in Implementation of Environmental Flows

The research on the implementation of environmental flows in many countries worldwide and China is reviewed. The concept of the environmental flows is an emerging integrated thinking way about water resource management. It has been gotten the attention in more and more countries in recent years. However, there is big gap between developed and developing countries in implementation of environmental flows. China is the largest developing countries and its rapid social and economic development led to serious degradation of aquatic ecosystem in recent years. Chinese government and the whole society have already become aware of the importance of aquatic ecosystem. Environmental flows activities could play an important role in sustainable development of Chinese society. Hence, the main aim of this research is to identify key issues, enabling and constraining factors of implementation of environmental flows that may contribute to improve environmental flows activities in China. This research compares and analyzes the information about implementation of environmental flows from various countries and China according to three pillars - policy and legislation, management strategies and institutional capacity. The key factors influencing the implementation of environmental flows include national policy and legislation, international agreements and obligations, public participation, market mechanisms, public awareness, technical support, and river basin management. This research arrivals at a conclusion, namely, environmental flow activities have been initiated in China. There are large gaps between China and some countries that have done well in implementing environmental flows. In short term, China has to promote scientific research exchanges and cooperation with international society. In long term, China should strengthen water law system, particularly in environmental flows, and accelerate the establishment of integrated river basin management institutions.