河流分汊成因与演变机制研究综述

基于较系统的文献调研,介绍了分汊形成机制如中心沙坝沉积、横向沙坝转换、斜槽切断、复合沙坝切割和河道决口,水沙分配影响因素如汊道几何形态、汊道河床地形、汊道内的水力特性和潮汐等因素,和水沙分配计算方法等主要方面的研究进展,并以长江中下游分汊河段为例,总结了其分汊河道的水力特征和演变规律。最后探讨了分汊河道研究中还需解决的问题,以及数值模拟方法在分汊形成与演变研究中的应用及前景。

A review on formation and evolution mechanism of river bifurcation

Based on systematic literature reviewing,the formation mechanism of bifurcating channels was introduced, such as central bar deposition, transverse bar conversion, chute cutoff, dissection of multiple bars and avulsion. Factors influencing water and sediment distribution include geometrical form, riverbed topography and hydraulic characteristics of bifurcating channels. The research progress of water and sediment distribution calculation method was also introduced. Taking the middle and lower Yangtze River as an example, the hydraulic characteristics and evolution characteristics of bifurcating channels were summarized. Finally, the problems that still need to be solved in the study of bifurcating channels were discussed, especially the application status and prospect of numerical simulation in the study of bifurcations formation and evolution.