Experimental Investigation of Pulsating Heat Pipes and a Proposed Correlation

Pulsating heat pipes are complex heat transfer devices, and their optimum thermal performance is largely dependent on different parameters. In this paper, in order to investigate these parameters, first a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) was designed and manufactured. The CLPHP was made of copper tubes with internal diameters of 1.8 mm. The lengths of the evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser sections were 60, 150, and 60 mm, respectively. Afterward, the effect of various parameters, including the working fluid (water and ethanol), the volumetric filling ratio (30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%), and the input heat power (5 to 70 W), on the thermal performance of the CLPHP was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the manufactured CLPHP has the best thermal performance for water and ethanol as working fluids when the corresponding filling ratios are 40% and 50%, respectively. Finally, with the available experimental data set of CLPHPs, a power-law correlation based on dimensionless groups was established to predict their input heat flux. Compared with the experimental data, the root-mean-square deviation of the correlation prediction was 19.7%, and 88.6% of the deviations were within ± 30%.