Nanotechnology for copper and copper alloys

This article surveys and analyzes the literature data on nanotechnologies for copper and copper alloys. It describes the main methods used to obtain nanomaterials, including powder metallurgy, crystallization from the liquid state with a controlled rate of cooling, intensive plastic deformation, dispersion hardening, and dispersion strengthening with internal oxidation. Preference is given to nanophase materials in the discussion. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 8, pp. 40–46, August, 2007.