肺结核患者膳食营养与健康知识知晓情况调查分析

目的:调查结核病患者膳食营养与健康知识知晓情况,为更好的开展肺结核防治工作提供参考。方法:选取临沂市郯城、沂水两县肺结核患者1 072名,由经统一培训的调查员进行面对面的问卷调查及医学体检。结果:肺结核患者膳食营养与健康知识的知晓率为22.1%。肺结核患者中知道人体需要五类营养素的人仅占9.9%;对哪种蔬菜中水溶性维生素含量较高、精白米面中哪种营养素丢失最多问题的知晓率分别是16.8%和9.7%;对肺结核5个主要症状,选择2项以下和3-5项者分别占67.0%和33.0%;除遵医嘱抗结核治疗外,还需要注意饮食治疗、适当运动、避免过度疲劳,选择其中1项、2-3项和不知道者分别占46.2%、40.0%和13.8%;肺结核患者比正常人易患糖尿病的知晓率为11.1%。不同年龄段、婚姻状况、文化程度、活动水平、糖尿病史的肺结核患者知识知晓情况存在差异。结论:肺结核患者营养与健康知识知晓率总体水平较低,应加强膳食营养和健康相关知识的教育指导。

Survey of Nutrition and Health Knowledge Among Tuberculosis Patients

【Objective】To investigate the level of awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge influence factors among tuberculosis patients to provide directions for TB treatment and prevention.【Method】Totally,1072 tuberculosis patients were selected as subjects from Tancheng and Yishui.Face-to-face questionnaires and examination were carried out by trained professional investigators.【Result】The awareness rate of nutrition and Health knowledge were 22.1% among the tuberculosis patients.The awareness rate of 5 kinds of nutrients which people needed was only 9.9%,16.8% and 9.7% of the patients knew that the vegtables containing higher water-soluble vitamins and what kind of nutrients lost most in processed rice and flour.Of the 5 main symptoms of tuberculosis,67.0% and 33.0% of patients choose 2 items and below or 3-5 items;Of the knowledge that tuberculosis patients also should pay attention to diet,exercising and avoid fatigue except antituberculosis therapy,46.2%、40.0% and 13.8% of the patients chose 1-2 items,2-3 items or being unaware.11.1% of them knew that tuberculosis patients were easier to have diabetes than normal people.The single factor analysis showed that education,marriage,age,physical exercise and diabetic case were the influencing factors of the rate of awareness among tuberculosissex.【Conclusion】The awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among tuberculosis patients was still very low.Nutrition and Health knowledge education should be strengthened to tuberculosis patients.