基于虚拟水理论的南水北调受水区水价补偿标准研究

南水北调东、中线一期工程通水后,其北方受水区作为我国重要的粮食主产区,如何对这些地区制定合理的水价是目前亟待解决的问题。其中水资源要素作为农业生产的必要条件,南水北调北方受水区由于长期的"北粮南运"源源不断地向南方地区输送虚拟水资源,因此,对其水价进行合理的补偿不仅有利于确保我国粮食安全,也是实施区域间资源要素补偿的根本要求。通过调研,本研究对南水北调北方受水区(北京、天津、河北、河南、山东)通水后各类水源加权平均终端水价和粮食虚拟水输出量进行测算,提出了考虑虚拟水输出的南水北调北方受水区水价补偿标准,测算结果显示,除北京、天津两市不需要补偿外,河北、河南、山东的补偿标准应分别为56.87亿元、553.26亿元和133.75亿元。

Compensation standard of water price in benefited areas of South-to-North Water Diversion based on visual water theory

Phase-I schemes of Eastern Route and Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion are completed in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Since water benefited areas are important agricultural production bases in China, it is critical of defining reasonable water price. Water is the lifeline for agricultural production. Water benefited areas in the north will transfer visual water to the south in a way of ＂grain transportation＂. Thus, compensation to water price in water benefited areas is crucial for ensuring grain safety and also necessary for balancing resources in different regions. With this study, estimation of weighted average terminal water price and amount of visual water transfer is made to water benefited areas such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan and Shandong. Standard of compensation is also proposed. The estimated result shows that, despite of Beijing and Tianjin without needs of compensation, the estimated compensation to Hebei, Henan and Shandong should be 5.687 billion yuan, 55.326 billion yuan and 13.375 billion yuan respectively.