Correspondence of soldier defense secretion mixtures with cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes for chemotaxonomy of the termite genus Reticulitermes in North America |
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Authors: | Nelson L J Cool L G Forschler B T Haverty M I |
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Affiliation: | (1) Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California, 94701;(2) Forest Products Laboratory, University of California, Richmond, California, 94804;(3) Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602;(4) Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California, 94701 |
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Abstract: | Soldier defense secretions from samples of Reticulitermes collected in California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Georgia were characterized and correlated with cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes. Twenty-seven cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes have been defined, and soldier defense secretion (SDS) phenotypes have been described for 25 of these. Forty-five terpenoid compounds were found, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and a few diterpenes. The monoterpenes include (–)- -pinene, (–)- -pinene, (–)-camphene, myrcene, (Z)- and (E)-ocimene, and (–)-limonene. The major sesquiterpenes produced are (+)- -cadinene, (+)- -cadinene aldehyde, (–)-germacrene A, germacrene B, -himachalene, and -bisabolene. Some SDS phenotypes pair with more than one cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype; however, with two exceptions, each hydrocarbon phenotype is associated with only one SDS phenotype. These chemical characterizations lend support to the conclusion that there are numerous undescribed species of Reticulitermes in North America. |
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Keywords: | Reticulitermes Isoptera Rhinotermitidae subterranean termites monoterpenes sesquiterpenes diterpenes geranyl linalool soldier defense secretions cuticular hydrocarbons |
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