河湖普查若干问题的讨论

编制河流名录和水系编码,是河湖普查工作的重要内容之一.提出了甄别和统计河流干支流的原则:①以河流最长的一条为干流,或者以集水面积最大的一条为干流;②各支流的长度、面积接近时,则以水量明显很大的一条为干流;③各支流的长度、面积、水量均接近时,取河道宽广、河谷平缓顺直、上下段自然延伸的一条为干流;④要充分尊重历史上合理的传统称谓.确定河流源头的方法主要有3种:①河流向上溯源交于分水岭,其交点就是河流的源头;②在数字综合水系图上搜索河槽线上端最末端处,其最小集水面积定义为0.2 km2;③河流上源开始有水的地方,"水"包括泉水、小溪、沼泽、湖泊、冰川融水等,但有水即源的方法存在一些缺点.

Discussions on Issues of General Survey of Rivers and Lakes

Preparing the list of rivers and the code of water system are one of important tasks of general survey of rivers and lakes.The paper puts forward the following principles for assessments and statistics of the main river and tributaries: a) takes the longest river or the largest catchments area as the main;b) takes the river which the water quantity is obviously great as the main when the length and area of each tributary are close to each other;c) takes the river which the channel is wide with gentle and st...