特高拱坝结构性态诊断与监控方法述评

我国已建、在建多座特高拱坝工程,这些工程往往面临着高水头、高边坡和复杂地质条件等特殊服役环境,其设计、施工及安全监控等技术指标突破了现行规范适用范围和以往的工程认知。与一般大坝相比,特高拱坝工程复杂程度高,结构的力学行为具有独特特征,工程建设和运行安全控制要求更为严格。论述了坝体体型工程经验性评价参数、地质力学模型试验、数值模拟仿真分析等特高拱坝结构性态诊断关键技术,以及施工质量控制、温控防裂、跟踪监测反馈等安全监控技术;在此基础上,指出了特高拱坝长效服役健康诊断与安全控制的前沿热点问题,包括时空演化特征挖掘方法、服役风险率实时诊断模型、结构安全动态控制模式、智能感知与超前预警技术等。研究可指导特高拱坝的建设和运行管理。

Review on diagnosis and monitornig methods of structural behavior of superhigh arch dams

Several superhigh arch dams have been built or are under construction in China. These projects are often located in special service environments with high water head, high slope and complex geological conditions. Their technical indicators have broken through the applicable scope of current codes and previous engineering cognition, including design, construction, safety monitoring, etc. Compared with ordinary arch dams, the engineering complexity of superhigh arch dams increases sharply with the dam height, and the structural mechanical behavior has more unique characteristics, leading to stringent requirements of safety control during construction and operation. The key technologies of structural behavior diagnosis of superhigh arch dams have been explored systematically, such as engineering empirical evaluation parameters, geomechanical model tests, numerical simulation analysis. Furthermore, safety control technologies have been deeply investigated, including construction quality control, temperature control and crack prevention, monitoring feedback analysis. On this basis, hot issues of health diagnosis and safety control of superhigh arch dams during future long-term operation are expounded, including the mining of methods of space-time evolution characteristics, real-time diagnosis model of operation risk probability, dynamic control model of structural safety, intelligent perception and early warning technology. The aforementioned research aspects are critical for improving the future intelligent construction and management of superhigh arch dams.