好氧性嗜甲烷菌生物能供给与调控的研究进展

为应对温室气体过度排放所带来环境和能源挑战，甲烷生物转化成为一种新颖的、具有潜力的解决方案。由于好氧性嗜甲烷菌能够利用其天然甲烷代谢途径完成甲烷的氧化和同化，使其在全球碳循环中发挥着重要的作用。随着生物制造技术的不断发展，好氧性嗜甲烷菌已被开发为合成生物基化学品的必要平台。目前，利用基因尺度代谢模型、多组学分析和代谢工程改造已对好氧性嗜甲烷菌的能量代谢和还原力供给进行了系统的解析和优化。本文首先从底物水平磷酸化和氧化磷酸化两个关键途径，概述了好氧性嗜甲烷菌能量供给与代谢通量的互作关系，然后重点介绍和讨论了能量流和碳-氮代谢之间调控策略以及最新研究进展，最后展望了好氧性嗜甲烷菌在生物能供给强化、工具和策略的发展方向和面临的挑战，为构建高效的嗜甲烷菌细胞工厂提供了理论依据和实践指导。

Research progress on energy supply and regulation of aerobic methanotrophs

The biological conversion of methane is a novel and potential solution in dealing with the environmental and energy challenges caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Aerobic methanotrophs are capable of utilizing their native metabolic pathways to oxidize and assimilate methane, which plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. As the development of biomanufacturing, aerobic methanotrophs have been considered as an essential platform for the biosynthesis of chemicals and fuels. At present, the energy metabolism pathway and reducing power supply of methanotrophs have been systematically evaluated and optimized by utilizing genome-scale metabolic network model, multi-omics analysis and metabolic engineering transformation. In this paper, the energy supply and metabolism characteristics of aerobic methanotrophs in substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were firstly introduced, and regulation strategies between energy flow and carbon-nitrogen metabolism as well as the latest research progress were emphatically summarized and discussed. Finally, the development direction and challenges of biological energy supply of methanotrophs were prospected in terms of enhancement, tools, and strategies, which will provide profound information for the construction of efficient methanotrophic-cell factory.