MoS2基单原子催化剂的合成及其在电催化中的应用

电催化由于反应条件温和、反应速率较快等优势，在能源存储与转化、高值小分子合成等领域具有极大应用前景。因此，设计开发高效的电催化剂是推动电催化反应工业化的核心问题。二硫化钼(MoS₂)以其低成本、可调的电子性质和优异的化学稳定性，被认为是用于电催化的最有前景的候选材料之一。同时，单原子催化是一种功能强大、极具吸引力的技术，成本显著降低，且具有优异的催化活性。本文首先综述了MoS₂基单原子催化剂的制备策略，包括电化学沉积、湿化学浸渍、水热/溶剂热和氢气等离子体还原。其次，在此基础上重点介绍了相应催化剂在电催化领域的应用。最后，从单原子改性、机理研究、合成工艺三个方面讨论了新的研究方向和未来趋势，即制备多金属MoS₂基单原子催化剂，深度表征和计算澄清反应机理，开发绿色环保的合成工艺等。

Synthesis of MoS2-based single atom catalyst and its application in electrocatalysis

Due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions and fast reaction rates, electrocatalysis has great prospects in the fields of energy storage and conversion, and synthesis of high-value small molecules. Therefore, the design and development of efficient electrocatalyst are the key to promote the industrialization of electrocatalytic reaction. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is considered as one of the most promising materials for electrocatalysis due to its low cost, adjustable electronic properties and excellent chemical stability. And single atom catalysis is a multi-functional and attractive technology with significant cost reduction and excellent catalytic activity. This article reviews the preparation strategies of MoS₂-based single atom catalysts, including electrochemical deposition, wet chemical impregnation, hydrothermal/solvothermal and hydrogen plasma reduction. Furthermore, the applications of corresponding catalysts in the field of electrocatalysis are introduced. Finally, the new research directions and future trends are discussed from three aspects including single atom modification, mechanism study and synthesis process, that means, preparation of polymetallic MoS₂-based single atom catalyst, clarifying reaction mechanisms with in-depth characterisation and calculations, development of green synthesis process, etc.