新型固体储氢材料的研究进展

在碳中和的背景下，开发和利用可再生清洁能源已成为全球共识。氢气由于其燃烧时只产生水且热值高、无污染而被认为是较理想的清洁能源，受到全球广泛关注，但安全有效地储存和运输氢气的方法与技术仍然面临重大挑战。通过文献调研，简要介绍了几种固体储氢的新型材料和方法，包括纳米结构多孔碳储氢、生物质合成多孔碳储氢、天然矿物及其加工材料储氢、笼型水合物储氢和沸石-冰储氢等，分析了上述储氢材料和方法的优缺点，对未来可用的良好的储氢材料进行了展望，以期为解决储氢、运氢问题提供新思路。

Research Progress of Several New Types of Solid Hydrogen Storage Materials

In the context of carbon neutrality, the development and utilization of renewable clean energy has become a global consensus. Hydrogen (H₂) only produces water when being burned, and it is pollution-free with high calorific value, as a result of which it has already been recognized globally as an ideal clean energy. However, the safe and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen remains a major practical challenge in terms of methods and technologies. Based on literature research, Several new types of materials and methods for solid hydrogen storage, including nanostructured porous carbon, porous carbon synthesized from biomass, natural minerals and processing materials, cage hydrate, and zeolite-ice, are briefly introduces, whose advantages and disadvantages are also analyzed respectively. Moreover, an outlook is made on hydrogen storage materials available in the future, in the hope of providing a new idea for hydrogen storage and transportation.