电磁吸波材料的研究现状与发展趋势

随着电子设备在军事、通讯、医疗、交通等领域的广泛应用，电磁干扰和电磁辐射问题日益加剧。电磁吸波材料可以将进入材料内部的电磁波能量转化为热能或其他形式的能量耗散掉，是一种直接有效的电磁污染防控手段。因此，国内外研究者围绕高性能吸波材料的开发及应用投入了大量研究。结合国内外研究现状对电磁吸波材料的吸收理论进行了简要概述，并对吸波材料的分类进行了总结归纳，重点探讨了吸波材料结构设计对电磁波吸收性能提升的作用机制，最后从吸波材料应用的“兼容化、复合化、智能化、环保化”方面对其发展趋势进行了展望，旨在为新型及高性能吸波材料的开发提供研究思路和理论依据。

Research status and development trend of electromagnetic absorbing materials

With the wide application of electronic equipment in military, communication, medical, transportation and other fields, the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic radiation are increasing. Wave absorbing materials can convert the electromagnetic wave energy into heat or other forms energy, which is a direct and effective means of electromagnetic pollution prevention and control. Therefore, researchers at home and abroad have invested a lot of research on the development and application of high-performance wave absorbing materials. Based on the current research status at home and abroad, the paper briefly summarizes the absorption theory and the classification of wave absorbing material. In addition, the paper focusses on the enhancement of electromagnetic adsorption performance from the structural design of materials. Finally, this paper prospects the development trend of wave absorption materials from the direction of compatibility, composite, intelligence and eco-friendly. The paper aims to provide research ideas and theoretical basis for the development of new and high-performance wave absorbing materials.