花岗岩型铷矿研究进展及青藏高原铷矿找矿方向

花岗岩型铷矿是最具经济价值的铷矿资源，近年来取得了诸多的勘查和研究成果，但缺乏系统的总结和梳理，此外，作为国家战略资源和关键金属的重要资源基地，青藏高原铷矿成矿潜力和勘查评价方向尚不明确。以花岗岩型铷矿为主要研究对象，基于近年来重要的勘查和研究成果，从成矿时代、地质背景、控矿构造、含矿岩石类型、矿床地质特征和成矿作用机制等方面对其进行系统总结和梳理；结合青藏高原铷矿的勘查进展，揭示青藏高原铷矿的找矿前景和方向。研究表明：花岗岩型铷矿多产自中生代褶皱造山系中，伴随着大规模断裂，钠长石化、云英岩化和天河石化等蚀变与成矿紧密相关；青藏高原已发现多处具有大型—超大型资源前景的花岗岩型和伟晶岩型铷矿床或铷多金属矿床，有望在拉萨地体北缘和北喜马拉雅构造带中找到更多的铷矿床，为青藏高原和国家关键金属储备和开发提供重要的资源保障。

Research Progress of Granite-type Rubidium Deposits and Direction of Rubidium Deposits Exploration in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Rubidium，as one of the rare metals，plays an increasingly prominent role in military and civilian fields.The granite rubidium deposit is the main type of rubidium ore with high economic value.Recently，lots of exploration achievements and research progress have been made in the granite rubidium deposit，but there is no systematic summary and review.In addition，as the national strategic resource and an important reserve base of critical metals，the prospecting direction of rubidium deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are still unclear.This paper summarized and reviewed the granite type rubidium deposit from the metallogenic age，geological background，ore-controlling structure，ore-bearing rocks，geological characteristics of deposit and metallogenic mechanism.Then，combined with the new exploration achievements of rubidium deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，reveal its metallogeny and exploration direction of rubidium deposit. For the subsequent exploration evaluation and theoretical research of granite-type rubidium deposits，the occurrence state，fluid characteristics and source of rubidium can be identified by mineralogical evidence，such as microscopic identification，backscattering and scanning electron microscopy，combined with current cutting-edge analytical techniques and methods，such as electron probe，LA-ICP-MS analysis and in-situ O isotope analysis.Furthermore，the process and genesis mechanism of rubidium mineralization were revealed.According to the specific geological characteristics of different metallogenic zones，based on the study of regional geological background，magmatic activity，rock properties and tectonic interpretation，the metallogenic dynamic background of different zones was summarized.A systematic comparative study was carried out on the ore-bearing and non-ore-bearing rock masses of several large and ultra-large granitic rubidium deposits to reveal their petrogeochemical characteristics in detail and clarify the mineralization specificity.At the same time，it is recommended to use the frontier conventional and unconventional isotope analysis，such as micro situ oxygen isotope，lithium isotope，etc.，to explore the source of ore-forming materials （rubidium，fluid） in detail.According to the research results，three prospecting direction are recommended.The first is by looking for the high differentiation granite as the rubidium vision area.The second is，by combining with the comprehensive analysis of infrared spectral characteristics，to explore albitization，greisenization，Tianhe petrochemical altered minerals and fluorite，topaz and other fluorides.The last is to use geophysical prospecting method for delineating magnetic anomaly and IP anomaly center，these methods have a good indicative significance for finding granitic rubidium deposits.