Ni元素对Al-Cu-Mn合金组织及力学性能的影响

为研究添加Ni元素对Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn合金组织及力学性能的影响，通过硬度试验、拉伸力学试验及摩擦磨损试验对合金力学性能进行研究；采用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜及透射电子显微镜对合金微观组织进行检测分析。结果表明：向Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn合金中添加Ni元素后，由于Al₃CuNi相析出的强化作用，并且与基体结合良好的增强相颗粒能均匀分布于合金中，使得合金硬度和强度大幅提高，摩擦磨损深度显著降低，综合力学性能得到有效的提升。当Ni元素的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时，由于T相(Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃)和Al₃CuNi相分布比较均匀，合金综合性能较为理想，其HV硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦磨损系数分别为126.4 MPa、395.2 MPa、0.12。

Effects of Ni on structure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy

To study the effects of adding Ni on the tissues and mechanical properties of Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn alloy, the mechanical properties of the alloy were studied by hardness tests, tensile mechanical tests and friction and wear tests, and the alloy microtissues were detected and analyzed by scanning electron microscope, laser confocal microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that after adding Ni to Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn alloy, the hardness and strength of the alloy are greatly improved, the frictional wear depth significantly reduced, and the comprehensive mechanical properties effectively improved, due to the reinforcement of Al₃CuNi phase precipitation and the enhanced phase particles well combined with the matrix being uniformly distributed in the alloy. When the added quantity of Ni is 0.3% (referring to the mass fraction), due to rather evenly distributed T phase (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃) and Al₃CuNi phase, the comprehensive performance of the alloy is relatively ideal, with HV hardness of 126.4 MPa, tensile strength 395.2 MPa, and friction and wear coefficient 0.12, respectively.