基于DEM数据体的山地地形地类划分方法及在物探经济技术评价中的应用

塔里木盆地山前冲断带地形起伏剧烈，山体风化剥蚀严重且地表类型复杂多样，地震采集前期野外踏勘存在周期长、成本高、不全面等诸多问题，长期制约着油田地震采集项目成本测算和方案优化决策效率。为此，提出了一种通过数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)数据体提取地形特征要素以量化评价炮、检点地形地类的方法，首先利用数理统计方法确定起伏度、坡度2个地形特征要素的最佳计算邻域大小和划分区间，然后引入纵深距离进一步弥补这2个地形特征要素在综合表征地震采集施工难度中的不足。实际应用表明：该方法能够有效提高踏勘精细程度、准确反映施工难度；地形地类划分周期由以往的1周以上缩减至2天以内，从而为客观、公正地开展经济技术一体化评价和优化采集方案提供有力支撑。

A method of classifying mountain terrain and surface type based on DEM data volume and its application in the economic and technical evaluation of geophysical prospecting

The terrain of the piedmont thrust belt in the Tarim Basin fluctuates violently, and the mountain body is severely weathered and denuded. In addition, the surface types are complex and diverse. There are many problems such as long cycles, high costs, and incompleteness in the field exploration in the early stage of seismic acquisition, and they have long restricted the cost calculation of oilfield seismic acquisition deployment projects and the decision-making efficiency of scheme optimization and adjustment. In view of these problems, this paper presents a method to quantitatively evaluate the terrain and surface type of shot and receiver points by extracting topographic feature elements through the DEM data volume. First, mathematical statistics methods are used to calculate the optimal neighborhood size and division interval of two topographic feature elements, namely, undulation and slope. Then, longitudinal distance is introduced to compensate for their deficiencies in comprehensively characterizing the construction difficulty of seismic acquisition. The practical application shows that this method can effectively improve exploration precision and accurately reflect construction difficulty. Furthermore, the division period of terrain and surface type is reduced from more than one week to less than two days, so as to provide strong support in objectively and fairly evaluating economic and technical integration and optimizing acquisition schemes.