Toward Low-Cost,High-Energy Density,and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries |
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Authors: | Jianlin Li Zhijia Du Rose E Ruther Seong Jin AN Lamuel Abraham David Kevin Hays Marissa Wood Nathan D Phillip Yangping Sheng Chengyu Mao Sergiy Kalnaus Claus Daniel III" target="_blank">David L WoodIII |
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Affiliation: | 1.Energy and Transportation Science Division,Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge,USA;2.Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education,University of Tennessee,Knoxville,USA;3.Computer Science and Mathematics Division,Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge,USA |
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Abstract: | Reducing cost and increasing energy density are two barriers for widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Although the cost of electric vehicle batteries has been reduced by ~70% from 2008 to 2015, the current battery pack cost ($268/kWh in 2015) is still >2 times what the USABC targets ($125/kWh). Even though many advancements in cell chemistry have been realized since the lithium-ion battery was first commercialized in 1991, few major breakthroughs have occurred in the past decade. Therefore, future cost reduction will rely on cell manufacturing and broader market acceptance. This article discusses three major aspects for cost reduction: (1) quality control to minimize scrap rate in cell manufacturing; (2) novel electrode processing and engineering to reduce processing cost and increase energy density and throughputs; and (3) material development and optimization for lithium-ion batteries with high-energy density. Insights on increasing energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries are also addressed. |
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