小分子离子自组装制备功能超分子材料

离子自组装是合成功能超分子材料的有力途径，而带相反电荷的小分子离子之间的离子自组装由于具有良好的结构可设计性和功能可调节性，是离子自组装制备功能超分子材料领域的研究热点。本文首先对离子自组装的特点进行了简单的介绍，然后分3类对小分子离子自组装制备功能超分子材料领域进行了综述，主要包括染料与表面活性剂自组装制备功能材料，平面刚性离子自组装制备功能材料以及多金属酸盐离子自组装制备功能材料。目前，小分子离子自组装在组装单元的选择以及材料功能扩展角度已取得了长足的进步，但如何实现利用小分子离子自组装从微观结构到宏观材料的跨度，制备出能在实际生产中应用的功能超分子材料，还有待进一步发展。

Small molecular ions based ionic self-assembly in preparation of functional supramolecular materials

Ionic self-assembly(ISA)is a powerful tool to create functional supramolecular materials. In this context,the ISA between oppositely charged small molecular ions has attracted enormous attention because of the designable structure and tunable function of small ions. In this paper,the characteristics of ISA technique are briefly introduced,and the developments of small molecular ions based ISA in preparation of functional supramolecular materials are summarized,including the ISA between dye and surfactant,the ISA based on planar charged species and the ISA based on polyoxometallate. So far,great efforts have been made in developing charged building blocks and multi-functional materials. However,there is still a great need in further developing techniques for the practical applications of functional supramolecular materials by the ISA between oppositely charged small molecular ions.