锂离子电池电解液负极成膜添加剂的研究进展

解决锂离子电池电极材料和电解液相容性的关键是形成稳定且Li⁺可导的固态电解质界面膜(SEI膜),因此,对优质负极成膜添加剂的研究成为锂离子电池研发中的一个热点。本文综述了锂离子电池电解液成膜添加剂的作用原理,具体介绍了各类负极成膜添加剂的研究现状,从成膜反应机理和理论计算方面详述了近几年来负极成膜添加剂的研究进展。分析了所存在的问题主要是如何快速地挑选出更适宜、更高效的成膜添加剂,并指出了成膜添加剂未来的发展趋势为:①研究各添加剂与电解液的反应机理,着重开发对锂离子电池副反应小的负极成膜添加剂;②通过选择两种或两种以上的添加剂的协同作用,以弥补一种添加剂的不足;③提高无机成膜添加剂在电解液中的溶解度。

Research progress of negative film-forming additives in electrolyte for Li-ion batteries

Forming a stable solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film) is the key to solve the compatibility between lithium ion battery electrode material and electrolyte. Therefore, the research of high quality anode film-forming additive in electrolyte for lithium ion battery attracts much attention. The principle of film-forming additives for organic electrolyte in Li-ion batteries was reviewed. The research status of a variety of additives was particularly introduced. The recent progress on negative film-forming additives was reviewed in detail, from the perspectives of film formation mechanisms and quantum calculation. The main problem was how to select more suitable and efficient film-forming additives. In addition, the possible trends in this area were proposed:①Understanding the mechanism of additive reacting with the electrolyte, especially for the negative film forming additive which has minimum side effects for lithium ion battery;②Combining two or more additives together to compensate the deficiencies of one additive;③Increasing the solubility of inorganic film-forming additives in the electrolyte.