表面活性剂湍流减阻研究进展

表面活性剂较高分子聚合物在流体管道输运中具有可逆机械降解特性的优点,更适用于存在高剪切的场合以及封闭的循环回路进行减阻,但存在对其复杂流变特性及减阻机理认识不完善的问题,使得其在减阻领域的应用受到了限制。本文回顾了作者近年来在表面活性剂溶液微观结构、复杂流变学特性、湍流结构以及其与减阻和传热性能之间的内在联系方面的研究进展;介绍了表面活性剂减阻和壁面微沟槽协同作用减阻的研究成果;指出通过拉伸流的方式能够在压损较小的情况下更有效地提高表面活性剂溶液的传热性能。针对表面活性剂现有研究的不足,本文提出4条建议作为表面活性剂的未来研究方向,分别为开发环境友好型高效表面活性减阻剂、强化换热装置的优化设计及优化布置、表面活性剂与其他减阻方式耦合特性的深入研究以及表面活性剂在尺度放大、防腐和减阻持久性方面的实际工业应用研究。

Research progress concerning turbulent drag reduction of surfactant solution

In turbulent flow drag reduction applications,surfactant additive is more applicable than polymer for the flow with high shear or in the closed circulation system due to its reversible mechanical degradation advantage. However,there is not enough understanding of the complicated rheology and drag-reduction mechanism of surfactant solution,limiting its practical application in the drag reduction field. This review introduces the research progress of surfactant drag reduction conducted by the authors in recent years on microstructure,complicated rheology characteristics,turbulent structure,as well as their relations with drag reduction and heat transfer,and analyzes the combined drag reduction effect of surfactant additives in the flow and microgroove fabricated on the wall. The stretch devices can significantly improve the heat transfer performance of surfactant drag-reducing flow with a lower pressure loss penalty. To the shortages of present surfactant drag reduction research,several suggestions are given for the future study. The first is to develop environmentally friendly and effective surfactant,the second is optimal design and layout of heat transfer enhancement device for drag-reducing flow,the third is the study on synergetic effect of drag reduction by combing surfactant drag reduction and other drag-reducing ways,and the final one is practical industrial application research on the scale-up,anticorrosion and persistence effect of surfactant drag reduction.