二氧化碳加氢逆水汽变换反应的研究进展

化石能源的热能利用产生大量的CO₂，破坏了地球生态系统中的碳平衡，严重威胁人类的可持续发展。利用可再生能源产生的氢气与CO₂通过逆水汽变换（RWGS）反应产生CO可以作为F-T合成的主要原料，有望部分替代煤制合成气路线，与此同时还是解决“弃风”、“弃光”等问题的有效方案之一。本文归纳了近年来研究RWGS反应所使用的催化体系，包括负载型金属催化剂、复合氧化物催化剂和过渡金属碳化物催化剂；介绍了在不同催化剂上RWGS反应的反应机理。重点分析了影响CO₂加氢制CO选择性的因素，包括催化剂活性组分的颗粒尺寸、载体效应、助剂、反应条件等以及如何提高催化剂的高温稳定性。总结了RWGS反应在不同催化体系上的优缺点，可为进一步设计高性能的RWGS反应催化剂提供借鉴。

Progress on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 via reverse water gas shift reaction

The excess emission of CO₂ through the combustion of fossil fuels,have triggered a severe crisis to the carbon balance in the earth's ecological system and thus threatened the sustainable development of our economy and society. An attractive way to mitigate the problem is to utilize CO₂ and the excess H₂ generated from renewable energy sources,to produce CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS),which can be used as feedstock in the successive Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,and therefore could replace partially the coal-to-syngas route. Meanwhile,this strategy could provide a reference to the abandoned wind and light energy issues. In this review,the catalytic systems for the study of RWGS reaction in recent years were summarized,including supported metal catalysts,metal oxide catalysts and transition metal carbide catalysts. We also introduced the reaction mechanisms of RWGS reaction over different types of catalysts. The factors affecting the selectivity of CO₂ hydrogenation to CO were analyzed,mainly including the particle size of active component,supports,promoters,reaction conditions,as well as the strategy to improve the catalyst stability when exposed to a high temperature environment. Moreover,the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts in the RWGS reaction were discussed,which can provide a guidance for the development of high-performance RWGS catalysts with increases CO selectivity and life.