卜型岔管水力模型试验及三维数值计算研究

结合无锡马山抽水蓄能电站卜型岔管试验研究，对卜型岔管不同工况的水流流态、水头损失等水流特性进行了水力模型试验与数值计算研究，试验中发现并成功地模拟出二次流流态。数值计算采用Reynolds应力方程模型(RSM)的湍流模型，应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式，速度场与压力的耦合计算采用Simplec。研究结果表明，计算与试验结果吻合较好。卜型岔管在不同运行工况下的水头损失差别较大，多数工况下流态分布比较均匀，总体能量损失较小，适合工程中优先选用。

Experimental study and 3-D numerical simulation on water flow in Y-type pipe

A series of hydraulic model tests and numerical simulation of water flow and head loss of Y-type pipe under various conditions were carried out for the design of the fork pipe in Wuxi Mashan pumped-storage plant. Secondary flow was found in the hydraulic model tests and successfully simulated in the numerical simulation. In the mathematical calculation the turbulence model of Reynolds stress equation, finite volume method, and second-order upwind scheme were adopted. The coupling numeration of velocity field and tress was based on Simplec. It showed that the calculation result is in good accord with the experimental data. Head losses are different under various conditions. Water flow is relatively evenly distributed in most cases and generally speaking, head losses of Y-type pipe is comparatively little. Therefore the pipe can be selected in project design.