高海拔单洞+服务隧道横通道间距设置研究

以火灾工况下人员安全疏散作为控制标准,同时考虑高海拔对烟雾扩散以及人员逃生速度、心理等因素的影响,建立随机停车最不利工况下火灾计算模型以及人员逃生计算模型,分别计算人员逃生可用安全疏散时间及必需安全疏散时间,研究海拔超过3 500 m单洞+服务隧道满足乘车人员全部安全逃生的最佳横通道间距。计算结果表明:在高海拔地区隧道内列车发生火灾且随机停车模式下,将计算所得人员逃生可用时间与人员逃生必需时间进行对比,为保证人员疏散安全,此类铁路隧道横通道间距应250 m设置一道。计算结果可为类似高海拔隧道横通道间距设计提供参考。

Research on Interval of Transverse Gallery in the Single and Service Tunnel Construction Form with High Altitude

Taking the personnel safe evacuation under fire conditions as the control standard, and considering the influence of high altitude on smoke diffusion, personnel escape velocity and psychological factors, personnel available and required safety egress time at the high altitude are calculated respectively by setting up a fire model under the unfavorable conditions of random parking and occupant evacuation model. The optimum interval of transverse gallery for all the passengers safe evacuate is further calculated while the single and service tunnel constructed at the altitude exceeding 3500 m. Comparing the available and necessary egress time, the interval of railway tunnel’s transverse gallery should be 250 meters to ensure safety of evacuation in conditions of fire in train and random parking in the high altitude tunnels. Calculation results can provide reference in the design of tunnel interval of transverse gallery at similar high altitude.