江西省洪涝灾害后灾民心理健康状况的调查

目的了解江西省洪涝灾害后灾民的心理健康状况,探讨其发生和发展规律,并对重点人群进行心理干预。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,同时对江西省2010年洪涝灾害后1周4 666名18~69岁的灾民采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和事件影响量表（IES-R）进行心理健康测评。结果 4 666名灾民中有腰痛者2 363人,占50.6%;忘记性大者2 169人,占46.5%;容易烦恼和激动者1 913人,占41.0%;头痛者1 672人,占35.8%;醒得太早者1 573人,占33.7%。江西北部地区灾民躯体化、焦虑、恐怖评分值均明显低于江西中部、江西南部地区（均P〈0.01）,江西中部地区灾民强迫评分值明显低于江西北部、江西南部地区（P〈0.05）。男性躯体化、焦虑、恐怖评分值均明显低于女性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,女性偏执评分值明显低于男性（P〈0.01）。大学本科及以上学历的灾民躯体化评分值明显低于大专、高中及中专、初中、小学（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,大学本科及以上学历的灾民强迫评分值明显高于小学（P〈0.01）,大专、高中及中专学历的灾民人际关系敏感评分值明显高于小学、文盲（P〈0.01）。4 666名灾民中难以保持熟睡者1 668人,占35.7%;常因其他事情想起此事者1 427人,占30.6%;难以入睡者1 402人,占30.0%;容易愤怒或生气者1 358人,占29.1%;不愿意、但还是想起此事者1 323人,占28.4%。结论江西省应以焦虑、强迫、躯体化及江西南部地区、女性、高学历的灾民为重点开展心理干预工作。

Mental Health Status of Victims Following Flood Disaster in Jiangxi Province

Objective To understand the mental health status of victims following flood disaster in Jiangxi province to explore the occurrence and development of mental health disorders,and to conduct psychological interventions in the focal population.Methods Using stratified cluster sample method,the mental health status of 4 666 victims aged 18 to 69 years in Jiangxi province was evaluated with Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90） and Impact of Event Scale-Revised（IES-R） 1 week after 2010 flood disaster.Results Among 4 666 victims,2 363 had lumbago（50.6%）,2 169 had hypomnesia（46.5%）,1 913 were easily upset and agitated（41.0%）,1 672 had headache（35.8%）,1 573 had early awakening（33.7%）,1 668 were difficult to keep sleep（35.7%）,1 427 were always remember the disaster because of other things（30.6%）,1 402 were difficult to sleep（30.0%）,1 358 were easily angry（29.1%）,and 1 323 were unwillingly but still remember the flood（28.4%）.Victims in northern Jiangxi province obtained lower scores on measures of somatization,anxiety and phobia than those in central and southern Jiangxi province（all P0.01）.Obsessive-compulsive scores for victims in central Jiangxi province were significantly lower than those in northern or southern Jiangxi province（P0.05）.Compared with female sample,somatization,anxiety and phobia scores in male sample decreased significantly（P0.05 or P0.01）,but paranoid ideation scores increased obviously（P0.01）.Somatization scores of victims with university degree or above were significantly lower than those of victims with cultural levels of college,senior high school,secondary school,junior high school and primary school（P0.05 or P0.01）.Obsessive-compulsive scores of victims with university degree were obviously higher than those of victims with primary school cultural level（P0.01）.Interpersonal sensitivity scores of victims with cultural levels of college,senior high school and secondary school were significantly higher than those of victims with cultural levels of primary school and illiteracy（P0.01）.Conclusion Psychological interventions should focus on anxiety,obsessive-compulsion and somatization in female victims,highly educated victims and residents who live in southern Jiangxi province following flood disaster.