Calmodulin antagonists increase the expression of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase in human uterine cervical fibroblasts

The treatment of human uterine cervical fibroblasts with concanavalin A (ConA), or a specific calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) or trifluoperazine resulted in accumulation of an active form of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2, gelatinase A). In contrast, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5), a weaker antagonist of calmodulin, did not modulate the activation of proMMP-2. The activation of proMMP-2 was confirmed by the enhanced activity on gelatin and the conversion of proMMP-2 to a 62-kDa form by zymography and western blotting. The plasma membrane, but not the conditioned medium, of the W-7- or trifluoperazine-treated cells activated proMMP-2; this activation was blocked by membrane-type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) antibody and EDTA. The plasma membrane from trifluoperazine- or ConA-treated cells contained MT1-MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. Both trifluoperazine treatment and ConA treatment increased the steady-state levels of MT1-MMP mRNA and proMMP-2 mRNA. These results, together with our previous observations on the production of proMMP-1 (interstitial procollagenase) and proMMP-3 (prostromelysin 1) [Ito, A., Sato, T., Ojima, Y., Chen, L.-C., Nagase, H. & Mori, Y. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13598-13601], suggest that calmodulin negatively regulates the matrix turnover by suppressing the production of a number of proMMPs including proMMP-1, proMMP-3 and MT1-MMP, and the activation of proMMP-2 in human uterine cervical fibroblasts.