线性富磷化阻燃剂在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用研究

通过界面聚合法合成了一种线性富磷化阻燃剂（LPRFR），将LPRFR与可膨胀石墨（EG）复配制备了阻燃聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF），使用红外光谱分析仪、核磁共振分析仪对阻燃剂LPRFR的化学结构进行了表征，并通过极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱分析仪对RPUF的燃烧性能、微观形貌和化学结构进行了分析。结果表明，仅10 %（质量分数，下同）的LPRFR 与8 %EG复配后，RPUF的极限氧指数（LOI）便达到26.1 %；LPRFR和EG能大幅降低RPUF的热释放速率，并提高基体的成炭能力； LPRFR参与了燃烧过程中的成炭反应，形成了含P—O—C及P=O结构的高质量炭层，有效隔绝了氧气和热量；LPRFR是一种对于聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能优异的新型阻燃剂。

Study on Application of Linear Phosphorus?rich Flame Retardant in Polyurethane Foams

A linear phosphorus?rich flame retardant (LPRFR) was synthesized by interfacial polymerization, and its chemical structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Flame retardant polyurethane foams (RPUF) were prepared by compounding with LPRFR and expandable graphite (EG). The RPUF achieved a limiting oxygen index of 26.1 vol% when 10 wt% of LPRFR and 8 wt% of EG were added. The cone calorimeter test results indicated that the addition of LPRFR and EG could significantly reduce the heat release of RPUF and improve the carbonization ability of the matrix. In addition, the microstructure and chemical structure of carbon residue were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that LPRFR involved in the carbonation reaction during the combustion process, leading to the formation of a high?quality carbon layer with P—O—C and P=O structures, which effectively isolated oxygen and heat. Therefore, LPRFR can be taken as a new flame retardant of polyurethane foams with excellent flame retardant properties.