基于“植物功能性状-生态系统服务”评价框架的园林树种选择方法——以上海为例

园林树木的服务功能直接影响着城市绿地系统和城市生态系统的健康与稳定。但是,多年以来,园林树种选择机制和方法却缺少理论支撑,常常具有主观性和随意性。通过上海50种园林树种"植物功能性状-生态系统服务"评价框架的构建和17个性状变量因子分析发现,树种功能性状与生态系统服务之间存在一定的关联性。在形态上,树高决定了树木形态和树冠大小,对小气候调节、径流调蓄、空气净化和消声减噪等调节服务具有不同程度的贡献。叶片性状影响固碳释氧,以及养分供给等生态系统过程,并最终反馈在树种种间服务差异上。树种的文化服务直接与人类偏好相关,具有复杂性和特殊性,需要根据实际需求做出权衡与取舍。"植物功能性状-生态系统服务"评价框架为园林树种的选择和树种规划提供了一种客观理性的方法,便于针对不同的生态系统服务提供相应的树种选择依据,以实现城市绿地综合效益的定量化与最优化。

A "Plant Functional Traits-Ecosystem Services"Approach for the Selection of Landscape Trees: ACase Study in Shanghai

The services of landscape trees directly affect the healthand stability of urban green space systems and urban ecosystems.However, for many years, the mechanisms and methods forlandscape tree species selection have a less effective theory andtechnical support, often leading to subjectivity and arbitrariness.A "functional traits-ecosystem services" evaluation framework isexplored for the selection of landscape trees in Shanghai, China.By analyzing the data of 50 tree species, it is found that there isa clear correlation between plant functional traits and ecosystemservices. On the appearance of trees, the species-specific height oftrees determines the size and the shape of the tree crowns, whichcontributes to different degrees of regulating services such asclimate regulation, runoff mitigation, air purification, and noisereduction. On the leaf level, the shape and size largely determinespecies-specific area and mass of the single leaf, which affect thecarbon sequestration and oxygen release, as well as the supply ofnutrients and other ecosystem processes, ultimately feedbacks onthe external morphology of the tree species. Cultural services oftree species, which have complexity and particularity, are directlyrelated to the preferences of human beings. The selection forcultural services mostly should make trade-offs based on actualrequirements. This "plant functional traits-ecosystem services"evaluation framework provides an objective and rational approachfor the selection and planning of landscape tree species. It willhelpmanage different urban ecosystem services to quantitation andoptimization.