清代小汤山汤泉行宫园林探析

清代小汤山汤泉行宫是康熙建立的4座温泉主题行宫之一,也是其中距离京城最近,并为皇帝驻跸最多的一座汤泉行宫。它历经康雍乾三朝的建设,在乾隆末年形成盛势全貌。晚清时期的日常修葺和防卫管理逐渐弱化,虽经八国联军烧毁,至民国时期和中华人民共和国成立后仍然受到重视和青睐。汤泉行宫的园林营建既有独特天然温泉要素,也有皇家园林特有的宫苑和山水布局特色。通过对历史文献的研究来梳理其发展沿革,结合现场勘查调研和史料搜集整理、诗词解析来推断小汤山汤泉行宫盛期的园林风貌,分析其相地、立意及规划设计等多方面的造园艺术成就,同时希望能够重新认知这座曾显赫一时的清代皇家温泉行宫。

The Study on Xiaotangshan Hot Spring Xanadu Palace

Xiaotangshan Hot Spring Xanadu Palace in Qing Dynasty is one of the four hot spring themed Xinggong built by Emperor Kangxi. It is also the closest to the capital and the most popular Tangquan Xinggong for the emperors. Its glorious construction process went through the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. In the late years of Qianlong, it formed a panorama of prosperity and daily repairs and defense management in the late Qing Dynasty gradually weakened. Although it was burned down by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, it still received certain attention and favor in the period of the Republic of China and after the liberation. The garden construction of the Hot Spring Xanadu Palace not only has unique natural hot spring elements, but also has the unique layout characteristics of palace and landscape of royal garden. Based on site seeing and the research of historical documents and textual research on poetry, this paper combs its development and evolution, interprets the landscape style of Xiaotangshan Hot Spring Xanadu Palace in its heyday, and analyzes its landscaping artistic achievements in terms of location, intention, planning and design. At the same time, it hopes to re-recognize this once-prominent imperial hot spring palace in Qing Dynasty.